![]() The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the importation, transport, manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages went into effect at midnight on January 16, 1920. Berkshire wrote to the Commissioner-General of Immigration expressing his concerns about the lack of a coordinated, adequate effort to enforce immigration and customs laws along the border with Mexico. After 1917, a higher head tax and literacy requirement imposed for entry prompted more people to try to enter illegally. noticed that their efforts were totally ineffective without border enforcement between inspection stations. Agencies charged with inspecting people and goods entering and leaving the U.S. Milton died at his home in 1947 and according to his wishes, his ashes were scattered in the Arizona desert.Ĭustoms violations and intercepting communications to "the enemy" seemed to be of a greater concern than enforcing immigration regulations in the early years of the twentieth century. Milton became a Texas Ranger in 1879 and later joined the U.S. Texas Rangers were also sporadically assigned to patrol duties by the state, and their efforts were noted as "singularly effective."Īlways referred to as "the first Immigration Border Patrolman", Jeff Milton (left) poses outside the Birdcage Theatre in Tombstone, Arizona. by the military were directed to the immigration inspection stations. Military troops along the southwest border performed intermittent border patrolling, but this was secondary to "the more serious work of military training." Aliens encountered illegally in the U.S. These patrolmen were Immigrant Inspectors, assigned to inspection stations, and could not watch the border at all times. Although these inspectors had broader arrest authority, they still largely pursued Chinese immigrants trying to avoid the Chinese exclusion laws. Most rode on horseback, but a few operated cars and even boats. ![]() In March 1915, Congress authorized a separate group of Mounted Guards, often referred to as Mounted Inspectors. Though they never totaled more than seventy-five, they patrolled as far west as California trying to restrict the flow of illegal Chinese immigration. The inspectors, usually called Mounted Guards, operated out of El Paso, Texas. Immigration Service patrolled the border in an effort to prevent illegal crossings as early as 1904, but their efforts were irregular and undertaken only when resources permitted. ![]() Although enormous changes have affected nearly every aspect of its operations from its earliest days, the basic values that helped shape the Patrol in the early years professionalism, honor, integrity, respect for human life, and a shared effort, have remained. Border Patrol has had a proud history of service to our nation.
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